The Abbasid dynasty: the top of the Islamic civilization
Yahya A. Hasan, Ph.D
The capital of Islam in Damascus, eighty years later, in Baghdad, Medina is still the center of Muslim religious education center, in contrast to new conquered land were influenced by Hellenistic culture of East Rome. The two monuments show the interaction with the oldest civilization has been symbolized by the Great Umayyad Mosque of Damascus and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. These monuments were similar to the fusion of religion and heresy in the provinces so far.
The gap between religious and secular institutions of the Muslim community began before the end of the Umayyad dynasty and continued by the dynasty Abbasid well. When conflict has emerged as a new development within Islam and outside Arabia. The two main divisions of the priests, because civil frequencies were the grounds of spiritual revelation, and the age-old process of interaction with other cultures and civilization is deeply rooted
Another result has been published intellectual energies to other crops, mainly to promote assimilation of the teachings of Islam and at the same time, new sciences were created in the prophetic tradition to philosophy, history and law. While the material civilization was not effective in the Umayyad period. The Abbasid caliphs (khulafa) has made its capital in Baghdad in 762 AD where Muslim civilization became known as a world civilization with industry, commerce, architecture in Persia, Mesopotamia, Syria and Egypt.
The intellectual high point of an excellent position to Samarkand, North Africa and Spain in the literature and thinking based on Greek sources, Persians and Indians in a new form of independent Muslim tradition, reflected the revolt against the narrowness of the orthodox system created a new incentive to expand the physical and intellectual horizons, both material and spiritual flavors.
Under the Abbasid dynasty new science began to be introduced, in addition to the science of Islamic History and Philology at the schools of Kufa and Basra in Iraq. New secular history and the arts in writing have been found. Medicine and Science in mathematics from the Greeks have been made accessible by translations, mainly developed by Arab thinkers and scholars namely, the Persians, in addition Arab scholars.
The topics covered at the time, including algebra, trigonometry and optics. Geography was the mother of all other branches of knowledge, political science, organic and natural (mathematics and astronomy), which are far from the civilization of earth at the time and space.
In the process, logic and Greek philosophy has created an inevitable conflict negatively by the third century (AH). Pure Rationalism was the danger posed to compete with the spiritual foundations. Hellenization school of philosophy becomes suspect in the eyes of some philosophers Muslims and apologizes in his thinking and practices, an example was, in part, Al-Ghazali, while other philosophers followed the intellectual activities such as. Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Al-Farabi, Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Unfortunately, Arabic philology is based on the pre-Islamic poetry, and storytelling as was the case in the Middle Ages, Age Europe and the debate among Christians, using as basis the Latin writings of the Church and literature.
In the role of the social heritage of Rome, the idealization is the symbol of the two periods in the first four centuries, literature has been written in Arabic, which has influenced other cultures under Islamic rule. (553 words) www.hasanyahya.com
About the Author
Hasan Yahya is an Arab American scholar, and a professor of sociology. He published 20 plus books and 180 plus articles on sociology, psychology, politics, poetry, IQ Test Measurement and short stories in both Arabic and English. His articles may be found on articlesbase.com, Face book and other internet sites. His recent book published on Amazon titled: Arab Palestinians and Jews: Sociological Approach (2009)
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